Pdf strengthening schemes for flexure and torsion using. Introduction in the early 20th century friedrich otto hetzer proposed glued laminated glulam timber elements by a strategic application of slender sawn timber pieces. The effect of matrix cracking on the residual stiffness of various laminates is determined both experimentally and using finite element simulation. When it comes to walls and ceilings, frp means business. Carbonfiberreinforced plastic cfrp, which is strong and lightweight, is used in fabricating composites for a number of applications such as aircraft, transportation, and machinery. Nanni, bond of frp laminates to concrete, aci materials journal, vol. The main variables considered were the internal reinforcement ratio, position of retrofitting and the length of cfrp. Our fiberglass reinforced plastic frp is a strong composite material that repels dirt and stains making it an ideal surface for highuse commercial settings and service areas that depend on sanitary conditions. Frp laminates frp plate is a high strength, pre 11 3.
Aramid fiber reinforcement materials market analysis and industry forecast, 20142022 aramid fibers are synthetic fibers with exceptional heatresistance and strength. Strengthening using fibre reinforced polymer frp plastic and polymer materials that are reinforced with structural fiber. Sep 22, 2009 super laminates figure 1 offer three major advantages over conventional laminates. Pcb laminates considered here consist of one or more plies of resinimpregnated glass. When compared to eglass, laminates made with sglass show improvements in strength, stiffness, impact resistance, toughness, and service temperature. Application of frp laminates for strengthening of a. Design of roof panel with required bending stiffness using. Repair of bridges using fiber reinforcement polymers frp. Flexural strengthening of rc continuous beams using cfrp. Flexural strengthening of rc continuous beams using cfrp laminates. Although the fibres and resins used in simon systems are relatively expensive compared to steel and concrete, the labor and equipment cost to install retrofitting of rc beam using simcon laminate v. Frp materials are supplied as bars for reinforced and prestressing applications and in flat sheets or laminates for use as repair materials for concrete structures. Frp will not rot, stain or corrode, dent or splinter and will not support mold or mildew.
The use of frp sheet had effect in delaying the growth of crack formation. An increase in the postcracking flexural stiffness of 75 to 175% was obtained for the retrofitted beams. Three dimensional, 8 noded, layered elements solid46 embodied in ansys have been used to model the laminate ply by ply and orthotropic properties have been input for each ply. Frp fiberglass reinforced plastic panolam surface systems. Super laminates figure 1 offer three major advantages over conventional laminates. Cuclad laminates are woven fiberglassptfe composite materials for use as printed circuit board substrates. A new method has been developed at chalmers university of technology where the prestressing force is applied in segments. Retrofitting using frp laminates make a mixture of epoxy resin and hardener in the ratio of 100.
Using bonded fiber reinforced polymer frp laminates for strengthening and repair of structural members has been proven to be an effective and economic method. Derived from dvoraks fracture mechanics analyses of cracked plies and from pucks action plane concept, the physicallybased criteria. This paper compares the values of the thermal and fire resistance properties of composites made using the hand layup technique. Flexural behaviour of rc and pc beams strengthened with. Retrofitting using frp laminates linkedin slideshare. Eglass fiber reinforced epoxy composites was fabricated by filling varying concentration of aluminum oxide al 2 o 3, magnesium hydroxidemgoh 2, silicon carbide sic, and hematite powder. A first setof tests was performed to investigate the effect of surface preparation, type of adhesive and concrete. Comprised of an impactresistant material commonly used in the aerospace, automotive, marine, and construction industries, our frp. Retrofitting of rcc beams using frp and ferrocement laminates. Frp application is a very effective way to repair and strengthen structures that have become structurally inefficient over their life span. The ratio of modes in different angle ply laminates and the associated criteria for matrix crack initiation are explored. In recent years, carbon and glass frp sheets have been applied using the retrofitting.
Structural reinforced thermoplastic laminates capable of supporting loads in at least two directions and containing by volume about 45% to 65% fiber reinforcement. Flexural strengthening of concrete structures with prestressed frp. Generally, the mechanical properties of cfrp products depend on the layup. The steel fibres used in the study were hooked end fibres having 0.
These nonuniform loads caused combined effects of flexure and torsion. Generally, the mechanical properties of cfrp products depend on the layup method. Pcb material selection for rf, microwave and millimeter. The deflections are lower when bonded externally with frp sheets. Using precision control of the fiberglassptfe ratio, cuclad laminates offer a range of choi ces from the lowest dielectric constant and loss tangent to a more highly reinforced laminate with better dimensional stability. Failure modes in filled hole gfrp laminates for connections between frp and concrete r. Bonding techniques for flexural strengthening of r. Composite laminates there are four primary failure modes in frp fiber reinforced f. The connector itself usually presents high shear resistance. Frp composite laminates, nonlinear continuum damage modelling, failure envelopes, fea. There are numerous studies available, that suggests different strengthening schemes using frp laminates. Fibre reinforced polymer frpstrengthened glulam would be a more economically viable product if a single adhesive type could be utilised at all the bonded interfaces.
Pdf bond of frp laminates to concrete researchgate. Pdf strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using. Failure criteria for frp laminates in plane stress carlos g. This study clearly demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed technique in retrofitting reinforced concrete buildings in egypt. Cfrp laminates in order to double their load carrying capacity. Retrofitting of rcc beams using frp and ferrocement laminates awadhesh 2kumar1, nitin modi associate professor1, pg 2student department of civil engineering, delhi technological university, delhi, india abstract. Idi provides a full range of molded thicknesses, from 2 inch to 1 inch, in 36x72 inch and 48x72 inch sheets. Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using. This is a tremendous advantage that opens the door to many new applications.
The cfrp strips are manufactured using a pultrusion process. Pcb material selection for rf, microwave and millimeter wave. This paper presents a new method and a device for applying prestressed carbon fiber reinforced. Apr 16, 2016 carbonfiberreinforced plastic cfrp, which is strong and lightweight, is used in fabricating composites for a number of applications such as aircraft, transportation, and machinery. Experimental programmes have to be carried out to study the behaviour of flexural and shear rc beams with precast sifcon laminates. Frp super laminates present unparalleled solutions to old.
Sarathkumar3 1,2,3student 1,2,3department of structural engineering 1,2,3paavai engineering college namakkal637018 india abstractnow a days natural and manmade disaster like earthquake, cyclone etc. Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using composite laminates article pdf available in construction and building materials 252. The behaviour of reinforced concrete beam strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer cfrp and glass fiber reinforced polymer gfrp laminates was investigated using finite element models and the results are presented in this paper. A twoparameter model of frp laminates stiffness reduction. Us3939024a structural reinforced thermoplastic laminates. Matrix crack and fibre breakage are the main damage models of the fibre reinforced polymer frp laminates under cyclic loading. Steel bars were modelled as an elastic perfect ly plastic materia l, with perfect bond between concrete and steel.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using cfrp laminates. Retrofitting using frp laminates 20142018 a dissertation submitted to. School of mechanical and building sciences, vit university, vellore, tamil nadu, india email. It is noted that the behavior of the beams when bonded with frp sheets are better than the control beams. Wrapping the gfrp sheet or laminate tightly over a concrete cylinder in a two layers and apply the epoxy coat. This paper presents test results at failure of 16 reinforced concrete rc continuous beams with different arrangements of internal steel bars and external carbon fibre reinforced polymer cfrp laminates. Delamination in frp composite laminates 209 using ansys ver 5. Though the research and application of retrofittingstrengthening of concrete structures using externally bonded frp composites has started. Retrofitting of rcc beams using frp and ferrocement. Now apply the epoxy mixture on concrete cylinder with the help of brush to paste the glass fiber reinforced polymer gfrp. Ptfewoven fiberglass laminates microwave printed circuit. Using bonded frp laminates in this project provided an opportunity for nysdot to demonstrate their use and investigate their feasibility as a costeffective bridge rehabilitation technique. Failure modes in filled hole gfrp laminates for connections. This paper describes a test programme that examines the hygrothermal compliance of five commercial woodlaminating adhesives when bonding commercially viable frp materials to wood.
Rc beams as a structural member contain a variety of nonuniform loads. Earlier research has demonstrated that the addition of carbon fibre reinforced polymer cfrp laminate to reinforced concrete beams can increase stiffness and maximum load of the beams. Idi fabrication frp sheet laminates are available in grades gpo1, gpo2, and gpo3, and select grades can also be used in aieeclass b through h electrical applications. First, by using unidirectional or biaxial fabrics, the laminate may provide strength in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Evaluation of thermal properties of eglass epoxy composites. Bond quality at the frpwood interface using woodlaminating. Automotive roof panels composed of cfrp require high strength and bending stiffness to ensure driver safety during rollover. Externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer frp laminates emerged in the late 80s presenting some remarkable qualities that can solve the deficiencies of. In md frp composite laminates, matrix yieldingcracking and interface delamination are observed as the early damage mechanisms due to. The pultrusion principle is comparable with a continuous press. Frp can be fabricatedapplied with adhesives that have low or 0 voc content and are compliant with the rule. Flexural strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using externally bonded frp laminates prestressed with a new method. Wherever theres a lot of action and high traffic, thats where you need frp wall and ceiling panel systems. Numerical analysis of reinforced concrete beam strengthened.
The development of these failure modes is shown schematically in figure 1 reifsnider 1983. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer cfrp laminates for. Sglass is used for highperformance surf and sailboards. High strength and stiffness, light weight and good fatigue and durability properties of frp composites together with advantages offered by adhesive bonding have made it a. The concrete mixes for rc beams have to be designed to obtain a concrete grade of m20. These modes are matrix cracking, fibermatrix debonding, fiber breaking, and delamination. Abstract this paper presents an experimental study of an alternative method of attaching frp laminates to reinforced concrete beams by the way of fasting steel rivets through the frp laminate and concrete substrate. Presently most of structural components are unable torender their services for full service life, which is due deterioration. Fiber reinforced polymer frp laminates are being successfully used for strengthe ning of existing reinforced concrete structures. Camanho abstract a new set of six failure criteria for fiber reinforced polymer laminates is described. Normally 24,000 parallel filaments are pulled through the impregnated bath, formed into strips under heat, and hardened. Bondlaminates gmbh am patbergschen dorn 11 d59929 brilon germany phone. Fire behavior of reinforced concrete beams flexurally strengthened with cfrp laminates 2 performance of frp strengthened concrete beams subjected to fire exposure.
Frp is a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. In this paper, mesomechanical analysis is used and a twoparameter model is developed to describe the stiffness reduction. Concrete was modelled using a plastic damage model. It contains the twophase fiber and matrix loss factors and the interfacial loss factor of the composite materials, in which the twophase loss factors are termed as system loss factor. Retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using composite. Concrete beams reinforced with cfrp laminates upcommons. Fire behavior of reinforced concrete beams flexurally strengthened with cfrp laminates 2 performance of frpstrengthened concrete beams subjected to fire exposure. Pdf retrofitting of reinforced concrete beams using.
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